Retirement Withdrawal Tax Calculator
Estimate how much of your IRA or 401(k) withdrawal you keep after federal income tax. Enter your withdrawal amount and estimated tax rate to see the tax owed and after-tax income instantly — no sign-up required.
On this page: Calculator · 2026 tax rates · How it works · Account types · FAQs
Retirement withdrawal tax calculator
Enter your withdrawal amount and estimated federal tax rate to see tax owed and after-tax income.
Gross withdrawal: $
Estimated tax: $
After-tax income: $
Effective tax rate: %
2026 federal income tax rates for retirement withdrawals
Retirement withdrawals from traditional accounts are taxed as ordinary income — the same rates that apply to wages. The withdrawal is added to all other income for the year, so a large distribution can push part of it into a higher bracket.
2026 federal income tax brackets (single filers)
| Taxable income (single) | Marginal rate |
|---|---|
| $0 – $11,925 | 10% |
| $11,926 – $48,475 | 12% |
| $48,476 – $103,350 | 22% |
| $103,351 – $197,300 | 24% |
| $197,301 – $250,525 | 32% |
| $250,526 – $626,350 | 35% |
| Over $626,350 | 37% |
After-tax income by withdrawal amount — common scenarios
| Withdrawal | Tax rate | Federal tax | After-tax income |
|---|---|---|---|
| $15,000 | 12% | $1,800 | $13,200 |
| $30,000 | 22% | $6,600 | $23,400 |
| $30,000 | 24% | $7,200 | $22,800 |
| $50,000 | 22% | $11,000 | $39,000 |
| $50,000 | 24% | $12,000 | $38,000 |
| $100,000 | 24% | $24,000 | $76,000 |
| $100,000 | 32% | $32,000 | $68,000 |
Federal only. State income tax reduces the net further in most states. Some states — including Florida, Texas, and Washington — have no state income tax. Others, such as Pennsylvania and Mississippi, fully exempt retirement income.
How retirement withdrawal taxes are calculated
This calculator applies a flat tax rate to the full withdrawal amount to give a quick federal tax estimate. The formula is:
- Federal tax = Withdrawal × Your marginal rate
- After-tax income = Withdrawal − Federal tax
In reality, the withdrawal is stacked on top of your other income for the year. If you earn $50,000 in wages and withdraw $40,000 from a traditional IRA, your total taxable income is $90,000. Because tax brackets are progressive, only the portion of the withdrawal that falls within each bracket is taxed at that rate — not the full $40,000 at the top rate.
For a more precise estimate, enter your effective rate on the withdrawal rather than your highest marginal rate. Tax software or a tax professional can calculate this accurately for your full return.
Required minimum distributions (RMDs)
Traditional IRA and 401(k) account holders must take required minimum distributions starting at age 73 under current rules. RMDs are calculated annually based on your account balance and IRS life expectancy tables, and are fully taxable as ordinary income. Missing an RMD triggers a 25% excise tax on the missed amount — use this calculator to estimate the tax cost of taking your RMD each year.
Tax treatment by retirement account type
| Account | Withdrawal taxable? | Penalty before 59½? | RMDs required? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional IRA | Yes — fully taxable | Yes (10%) | Yes, from age 73 |
| Traditional 401(k) / 403(b) | Yes — fully taxable | Yes (10%) | Yes, from age 73 |
| Roth IRA (qualified) | No — tax-free | No (contributions only) | No |
| Roth 401(k) (qualified) | No — tax-free | No (contributions only) | No (after SECURE 2.0) |
| Pension / defined benefit | Yes — usually fully taxable | Varies by plan | N/A — payments are fixed |
| SEP IRA / SIMPLE IRA | Yes — fully taxable | Yes (10%, SIMPLE: 25% in first 2 yrs) | Yes, from age 73 |
For withdrawals before age 59½, use the early retirement withdrawal tax calculator to include the 10% penalty in your estimate.
Filing taxes on retirement income?
Retirement withdrawals generate Form 1099-R and may also interact with Social Security taxation, Medicare surcharges (IRMAA), and state exemptions. Tax software handles all of this automatically.
- TurboTax — guides you through retirement income, RMDs, and Form 1099-R with step-by-step interview
- H&R Block — file with a tax professional in-person or online for complex retirement income situations
- FreeTaxUSA — handles retirement income and Form 1099-R reporting at low cost
Affiliate links — we may earn a commission at no cost to you.
Related retirement and tax calculators
- Early retirement withdrawal tax calculator Add the 10% early withdrawal penalty to your estimate for pre-59½ distributions
- Inheritance & estate tax calculator Estimate tax on inherited IRAs, 401(k)s, and other inherited assets
- Retirement tax calculators — all tools Full overview of withdrawal, early distribution, and inheritance calculators
- Capital gains tax calculator For non-retirement investment account sales — stocks, ETFs, real estate
- Marginal vs effective tax rate Understand which rate to use when estimating retirement withdrawal taxes
Retirement withdrawal tax: FAQs
Are retirement withdrawals taxable?
Most withdrawals from traditional retirement accounts — including traditional IRAs, 401(k)s, 403(b)s, and pensions — are fully taxable as ordinary income at your federal and state marginal rates. Roth IRA and Roth 401(k) qualified withdrawals are generally tax-free, because taxes were paid on contributions.
How much tax do you pay on a retirement withdrawal?
Tax on a retirement withdrawal depends on your marginal federal rate, total income for the year, and state. At a 22% federal rate: a $30,000 withdrawal generates $6,600 in federal tax, leaving $23,400 before state tax. At 24%: $7,200 tax, $22,800 net. Use the calculator above to enter your specific rate.
What is the tax rate on IRA and 401(k) withdrawals in 2026?
In 2026, IRA and 401(k) withdrawals are taxed at your ordinary income marginal rate: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, or 37% for federal. The withdrawal is added to all other income, so a large distribution can push you into a higher bracket. Most states also tax retirement income — though some states exempt pension and IRA income fully or partially.
Are Roth IRA withdrawals taxed?
Qualified Roth IRA withdrawals are tax-free — contributions were made with after-tax money. To qualify, the account must be at least 5 years old and the owner must be 59½ or older. Non-qualified withdrawals of earnings are taxed as income and may face the 10% early withdrawal penalty. Contributions (not earnings) can always be withdrawn tax- and penalty-free at any age.
Do required minimum distributions (RMDs) count as taxable income?
Yes. Required minimum distributions from traditional IRAs and 401(k)s are fully taxable as ordinary income in the year received. RMDs begin at age 73 under current rules. The amount is calculated based on account balance and IRS life expectancy tables. Failing to take an RMD triggers a 25% excise tax on the missed amount.
Is this retirement withdrawal tax calculator accurate?
This calculator provides estimates based on a flat tax rate applied to the full withdrawal amount. Actual taxes may differ due to bracket stacking, partial taxability of Social Security, state exemptions, deductions, and account-specific rules. Use it for planning estimates and consult a tax professional for precise figures.