401k & IRA Withdrawal Tax Calculator: Retirement Income (2026)
Retirement planning isn't just about how much you save — it's about how much you keep. These free calculators estimate taxes on 401k and IRA withdrawals, early retirement distributions, inherited accounts, and annuity income, so you can plan withdrawals with the actual after-tax number in mind.
On this page: Calculators · Withdrawal tax reference · FAQs
Retirement withdrawal tax calculators (2026)
- Retirement withdrawal tax calculator Estimate federal and state taxes owed on traditional IRA and 401k withdrawals — at any income level and filing status
- Early retirement withdrawal tax calculator Calculate income tax plus the 10% early withdrawal penalty on pre-59½ distributions from IRAs and 401ks
- Inheritance & estate tax calculator Estimate income and estate tax on inherited retirement accounts — IRAs, 401ks, and non-retirement assets
Retirement withdrawal tax: quick reference (2026)
How much tax you owe on a 401k or IRA withdrawal depends on your total income, filing status, state, and age. Here's a simplified estimate for a single filer whose only income is the withdrawal (standard deduction applied):
| Withdrawal Amount | Est. Federal Tax | Effective Rate | Early Penalty (under 59½) | After-Tax (No Penalty) | After-Tax (With Penalty) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $10,000 | ~$0–$300 | 0–3% | $1,000 | ~$9,700–$10,000 | ~$8,700–$9,000 |
| $20,000 | ~$900 | ~4.5% | $2,000 | ~$19,100 | ~$17,100 |
| $30,000 | ~$2,000 | ~6.7% | $3,000 | ~$28,000 | ~$25,000 |
| $50,000 | ~$4,600 | ~9.2% | $5,000 | ~$45,400 | ~$40,400 |
| $75,000 | ~$9,800 | ~13.1% | $7,500 | ~$65,200 | ~$57,700 |
| $100,000 | ~$16,100 | ~16.1% | $10,000 | ~$83,900 | ~$73,900 |
Single filer, 2026 standard deduction ($15,000), withdrawal is only income source, no state tax included. Add state income tax where applicable. For withdrawals on top of other retirement income (Social Security, pension), your effective rate will be higher. Use the retirement withdrawal tax calculator for a personalized estimate.
401k and IRA withdrawal tax rates by account type
| Account Type | Contributions | Withdrawal Tax Treatment | Early Penalty (under 59½) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional 401k | Pre-tax | Ordinary income tax | 10% penalty |
| Traditional IRA | Pre-tax (if deductible) | Ordinary income tax | 10% penalty |
| Roth 401k | After-tax | Tax-free (qualified) | Penalty on earnings only |
| Roth IRA | After-tax | Tax-free (qualified) | Penalty on earnings only |
| 403b | Pre-tax | Ordinary income tax | 10% penalty |
| Inherited IRA / 401k | N/A | Ordinary income tax when withdrawn | No penalty (most cases) |
Filing taxes on retirement income?
Retirement withdrawals, early distributions, and inherited accounts all require accurate tax filing. These tools handle retirement-specific tax situations:
- TurboTax — handles IRA and 401k withdrawals, early distributions, and inherited accounts
- FreeTaxUSA — free federal filing for retirement income, IRA withdrawals, and 1099-R forms
- H&R Block — file retirement income online or in person with tax expert help
Affiliate links — we may earn a commission at no cost to you.
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- Gross vs net income guide How taxes reduce gross income to net take-home pay
- Best states for take-home pay State rankings by after-tax income — relevant for retirement relocation
Retirement withdrawal tax: FAQs
How are 401k and IRA withdrawals taxed?
Traditional 401k and IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income at your federal and state income tax rates in the year you withdraw. You deferred the tax when you contributed, so you pay it when you take the money out. Roth IRA and Roth 401k qualified withdrawals are generally tax-free in retirement if you are at least 59½ and the account has been open for at least 5 years. Use the retirement withdrawal tax calculator to estimate your specific tax bill.
What is the tax on early 401k or IRA withdrawal before 59½?
Withdrawals from traditional IRAs and 401ks before age 59½ are subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty on top of ordinary income tax. On a $20,000 withdrawal at a 22% federal rate, you would owe approximately $4,400 in income tax plus a $2,000 penalty — keeping only $13,600. Exceptions include disability, substantially equal periodic payments (SEPP/72t), and certain hardship situations. See the early retirement withdrawal tax calculator for penalty and tax estimates.
How much tax will I pay on a $10,000 IRA withdrawal?
Tax on a $10,000 traditional IRA withdrawal depends on your total income and filing status. If this is your only income and you file single, the standard deduction ($15,000 in 2026) may eliminate federal income tax entirely. If this is on top of other income at a 22% effective rate, you would owe approximately $2,200, keeping $7,800. If under age 59½, add a $1,000 early withdrawal penalty, keeping approximately $6,800 before state tax.
How much tax will I pay on a $50,000 401k withdrawal?
On a $50,000 traditional 401k withdrawal for a single filer with no other income, after the $15,000 standard deduction, taxable income is $35,000. Federal tax is approximately $4,600 — an effective rate of about 9%. Add state income tax where applicable. If under age 59½, add a $5,000 early withdrawal penalty, reducing after-tax proceeds to approximately $40,400 before state tax.
What is a 403b withdrawal tax calculator?
403b plans are offered by nonprofits, schools, and hospitals — but withdrawals are taxed identically to 401k withdrawals: as ordinary income at your federal and state rates, with the same 10% early withdrawal penalty before age 59½. Use the retirement withdrawal tax calculator for 403b estimates — the same rules apply.
Do inheritance and estate taxes apply to retirement accounts?
Inherited retirement accounts (IRAs, 401ks) are generally subject to income tax when withdrawn by the beneficiary — the original account holder deferred that tax. Non-spouse beneficiaries must typically withdraw the full balance within 10 years under current rules. Estate tax may also apply to large estates above the federal exemption threshold. Use the inheritance and estate tax calculator for estimates.
Why should I calculate after-tax retirement income?
Your retirement account balance is a pre-tax number. The amount you actually spend in retirement is after taxes — typically 20–30% less than the balance suggests. Calculating after-tax retirement income helps you avoid cash flow surprises, plan withdrawals more efficiently, and understand how much you truly need to save. See the gross vs net income guide for a plain-language explanation of how taxes reduce income at every level.